Have you ever thought, about how many forces are acting on a car when it is moving or what are forces acting on you when you are running? A Free Body Diagram can help you to find and calculate those forces. Let’s learn more about the Free Body Diagram ( FBD) in this article.
What is a free body diagram ( FBD)? Free body diagram definition
Free Body Diagram is a simple schematic representation of various forces acting on an object when it is moving or stationary. A free-body diagram is used to calculate static and dynamic forces acting on an object.
In other words, a free-body diagram is the starting point for developing a mathematical model to find and calculate various forces acting on a body. The purpose of the free-body diagram is to simplify the situation for easy analysis.
Why is a free-body diagram used?
- To find out forces acting on a body
- To find the direction of forces acting on a body
- To simplify the model for easy analysis
- To find relative forces acting on a body like frictional forces.
Let’s take an example of a car that is moving uphill. To calculate how much force is required to push the car uphill, a free-body diagram can be used.
Let’s take another example of designing a leveler leg of a refrigerator. To design those legs, we need to know how much force the refrigerator is putting on the ground. Based on that, we can design the leg. A free-body diagram can be used to calculate that load.
Free body diagram nomenclature
Before we learn about how to draw a free-body diagram, we need to know about various nomenclature used to draw a free-body diagram. Here are those.
Weight
Weight always acts perpendicular to the ground. If you know the body’s mass, then the weight of a body would be W=mg, where ” g” is the gravitational force.
In the below image, you have noticed that the weight of he block (mg) is acting perpendicular to the ground.
Normal Force
Normal force always acts perpendicular to the surface touching the object. Please make a note the object should touch the surface to have a normal force.
For example, if you are standing, your weight is acting downwards, whereas a normal force is acting upwards or taking the block’s example in the below figure. Here “N” denotes the normal force.
Friction Force
To understand frictional force let us look into the example in figure 1. In that example, the block is moving downwards. It is the friction force ( acting opposite to the motion) holding the block in place and not letting it go down.
So to keep that block in place, friction force should be in the opposite of motion and more than the motion force.
There are two types of friction force. One is static friction, and the other is kinetic friction. When a body is stationary, static friction is applied, but ten kinetic friction is applied when the body is moving.
Static friction is always higher than kinetic friction. In the image shown below ” F” is the friction force.
Tension
When a body is under two equal and opposite forces that try to elongate the body, then it is termed as tension on the body. For example, when you try to stretch a rubber band, it is called tension force.
Compression
When a body is under two equal and opposite forces that try to compress the body then it is a compressive force. For example, a gasket that is always under compression.
Net force
To understand net force let us again take the example in Figure 1. In that figure, the body is moving downward and friction force is acting upwards.
So if the friction force is greater than the motion force then the body won’t fall down but if the motion force is greater than the friction force then the body will fall. Between these two forces is called net force.
The net force is always applicable when two forces are acting in the opposite direction.
How to draw free-body diagrams? Free body diagram worksheet
Let us take an example to draw the free-body diagram. Let us assume that you are trying to push a block that is lying on the ground. To calculate the forces acting on that body we will use a free body diagram.
Step 1: Identify all forces acting on the body
In this example following forces are acting on the body.
- The weight of the block ( W) is the product of mass and gravitational force
- Reaction force or normal force ( R)
- Push force ( P)
- Friction force ( F)
Step 2: Draw the schematic of the body
Draw the shape of the body and all other surfaces in the simplest form possible. Typically we use a rectangle when there are four sides of a body and for a circular shape, we use a circle. But frankly speaking, there is not such a role. It is the rule of the engineer to draw the diagram as simple as possible.
Step 3: Show all forces with directions
Once the body is drawn, the next step is to draw force vectors to show how forces are acting. Use proper directional arrows for representation.
Step 4: Calculate forces
The final step is to calculate the value of all those forces which are not known.
Conclusion
So I hope that you got a fair idea about the free body diagram. You might have understood that this is the basis of physics and as an engineer, we should have a good idea about how to draw a free-body diagram.
Frequently Asked Questions ( FAQ)
What is a free-body diagram?
A free-body diagram is a schematic representation of all forces acting on a stationary or moving body
What is the use of a free-body diagram?
A free-body diagram is used to find and calculate all forces acting on a moving or stationary body.
How to draw a free-body diagram?
Step 1: Identify all forces acting on the body
Step 2: Draw the schematic of the body
Step 3: Show all forces with directions
Step 4: Calculate forces
